Saturday, 14 March 2026

Climate and weather

… for three whole days and nights the rain came down in sheets. Umbrellas and mackintoshes were useless. The best plan was to go out and get saturated. Before ten yards could be walked your garments were wringing wet. The tram-lines were flooded. Small creeks became rivers; the Brisbane River turned into a noisy turbulent sea, with a perpetual rush downwards.

Higher and higher rose the water, and faster and faster came the rain. Boats were washed away from the wharves; steamers could not face the current and get up the river, so had to remain in Moreton Bay. Debris of all kinds floated on the water. Houses were washed away and homes ruined. There is nothing so pitiless as water. I think it beats fire. There is a chance of getting a fire under, water never.
— Gould, Nat, Town and Bush. London 1896, Ringwood: Penguin, 1974, 37.

The rain it raineth on the just
And also on the unjust fella;
But chiefly on the just, because
The unjust steals the just’s umbrella
— Charles Bowen (1835-1894), Sichel, Sands of Time.

Après nous le deluge.
Marie Antoinette (1755 – 1793).

The question is, ‘Do most people understand that by the time we, the scientists, are all absolutely certain it will be much too late to avert most of the changes that humanity is currently effecting?’
— ‘When should scientists speak out?’, Professor Ann Henderson-Sellers, Ockham’s Razor 3, ABC Books, 1991.

I have received petrified shells of very different kinds from the first sources of the Kentucky, which bear no resemblance to any I have ever seen on the tide-waters. It is said that shells are found in the Andes, in South-America, fifteen thousand feet above the level of the ocean. This is considered by many, both of the learned and unlearned, as a proof of an universal deluge. To the many considerations opposing this opinion, the following may be added. The atmosphere, and all its contents, whether of water, air, or other matters, gravitate to the earth; that is to say, they have weight.

Experience tells us, that the weight of all these together never exceeds that of a column of mercury of 31 inches height, which is equal to one of rain-water of 35 feet high. If the whole contents of the atmosphere then were water, instead of what they are, it would cover the globe but 35 feet deep; but as these waters, as they fell, would run into the seas, the superficial measure of which is to that of the dry parts of the globe as two to one, the seas would be raised only 52 1/2 feet above their present level, and of course would overflow the lands to that height only. In Virginia this would be a very small proportion even of the champaign country, the banks of our tide-waters being frequently, if not generally, of a greater height. Deluges beyond this extent then, as for instance, to the North mountain or to Kentucky, seem out of the laws of nature.
— Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia, 1781 – 2. [There was a time when US Presidents had common sense:]

Fifteen cubits upward did the waters prevail; and the mountains were covered.
Holy Bible, Genesis, 7:20.

Oh, to be in England
Now that April’s there,
And whoever wakes in England
Sees, some morning, unaware,
That the lowest boughs and the brushwood sheaf
Around the elm-tree bole are in tiny leaf,
While the chaffinch sings on the orchard bough
In England — now!

And after April, when May follows,
And the whitethroat builds, and all the swallows —
Hark! where my blossomed pear-tree in the hedge
Leans to the field and scatters on the clover
Blossoms and dewdrops — at the bent spray’s edge —
That’s the wise thrush; he sings each song twice over,
Lest you think he never could recapture
The first fine careless rapture!
And though the fields look rough with hoary dew,
All will be gay when noontide wakes anew
The buttercups, the little children’s dower
Far brighter than this gaudy melon-flower!
— Robert Browning (1812 – 1889), Home-thoughts, from abroad.

Gilbert White, weather watcher

April 17, 1779: Rain greatly wanted. No spring corn comes up. The dry weather has now lasted four months …

April 5, 1780: The frost injured the bloom of the wall-trees.

April 6, 1782: Many hail-storms about.

April 4, 1784: Snow as deep as the horses belly under the hedges in the North field.

April 1, 1785: Snow hangs in the trees & makes a perfect winter scene.
— Gilbert White (1720 – 1793), Journal, MIT Press, 1970.

… the moon was in its first quarter, during which time it is popularly believed in some parts of Maoriland that the south-easter is most likely to be out on the wallaby and the weather bad.
— Henry Lawson, ‘The Geological Spieler’, in While the Billy Boils, second series, 148 in the collected short stories.

For three successive years (1827, 1828, and 1829) the usual supply of rain was in great measure withheld from the colony. An entire failure of the crop in some districts, and a partial failure in others, were the necessary consequences; while the pasture grounds presented the aspect of a beaten highway, and the cattle were reduced to extremities from the scarcity of water.
— Maclehose, J, Picture of Sydney; and Strangers’ Guide in New South Wales for 1839. Sydney: Maclehose, 1839 and St Ives: John Ferguson Pty Ltd, 1977, 55.

Two years of desolating drought had preceded our arrival in Sydney, and the melancholy proofs of its ravages among the brute creation met us here at every turn, in the remains of unfortunate oxen, that had perished for want in their toilsome journeys over the mountains, where neither food nor water remained for them; and as the dray-journeys from the distant stations to Sydney occupy from three to six weeks, the lingering, protracted misery endured, even by the wretched animals who survived, is horrible to contemplate. In some places by the road side white skeletons alone remained; farther on we saw other carcasses still covered with hide; then bones again; and so on, continually meeting these terrible proofs of the poor brutes’ suffering and death. It recalled to my mind descriptions I have read of the caravan tracks in the sandy deserts of Africa, where the bleached bones of animals that have perished in the journey serve as guides to future travellers..
— Louise Ann (Mrs Charles) Meredith, Notes and Sketches of New South Wales. London: John Murray, 1844, and Ringwood: Penguin Books, 1973, 71.

April 13. A great thunderstorm at Woodstock, & Islip; the Charwel much flooded and discoloured… Prodigious was the damage done about the Kingdom on this day by storms of thunder, lightening, & vast torrents, & floods, & hail.
— Gilbert White (1720 – 1793), Journal, (1792).

Just as a reservoir is of little use when the whole countryside is flooded, scriptures are of little use to the illumined man or woman, who sees the Lord everywhere.
Bhagavad Gita, 2:46, in the translation of Eknath Easwaran, Arkana Books, 1985.

It freezes under people’s beds.
— Gilbert White, Journal, 3 January, 1768.

Hoist your sail when the wind is fair.
— Proverb.

The current of air which runs through our nose in normal inhalation corresponds to Force 2 on the Beaufort scale …
— Primo Levi (1919 – 1987), ‘The Book of Strange Data’ in Other People’s Trades, 114.

Fair stood the wind for France,
When we our sails advance.
— Michael Drayton (1563 – 1631), Agincourt.

They have sown the wind, and they shall reap the whirlwind.
Holy Bible, Hosea, 8:7.

The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth.
Holy Bible, The Gospel according to St John, 3:8.

And on the third day in the morning, there was thunder and lightning and a dark cloud upon the mountain and a very loud trumpet blast, and all the people who were in the camp trembled. And Moses brought the people out of the camp to meet God and they assembled at the foot of the mountain…
Exodus 19.

If we had never been molested by alarms at celestial and atmospheric phenomena, nor by the misgiving that death somehow affects us, nor by neglect of the proper limits of pains and desires, we should have had no need to study natural science.
— Epicurus (341 – 271 BCE)

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